Acridinium 2-hy­droxy­benzoate

In the title compound, C13H10N+·C7H5O3 − or (acrH)+(Hsal)−, the asymmetric unit contains one acridinium cation and one salicylate anion. The acridinium N atom is protonated and the carb­oxy­lic acid group of salicylic acid is deprotonated. Both moieties are planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0127 Å for the acr cation and 0.0235 ° for the sal anion. They are aligned with a dihedral angle of 71.68 (3)° between them. The crystal structure is stabilized by a network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. C—H⋯π inter­actions are also present

Cyclooxygenases: Proliferation and differentiation

Prostaglandins are formed from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase and subsequent downstream synthetases. Mainly two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified which are now known as cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Both iso-enzymes transform arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, but differ in their distribution and their physiological roles. The two isoenzymes are similar in protein structure but are produced by divergent genes and have different biological functions. Cyclooxygenase-1 is a constitutively expressed enzyme in most mammalian tissues and maintains normal cellular physiological functions, such as platelet aggregation and gastric cytoprotection; while cyclooxygenase-2 is normally expressed at a very low level in most tissues and is highly inducible by growth factors, cytokines, and tumour promoters. In several studies, the effect of cyclooxygenases on different cell types has been investigated. This review focuses on cyclooxygenases function, cell proliferation and differentiation.Key words: Cyclooxygenases, proliferation, differentiation, prostaglandins, tumor

Feasibility study on the use of MIL-53(Al) as a support for iron catalysts in the CO hydrogenation reaction

The study examined the potential use of MIL-53(Al), a metal-organic compound created through solvothermal synthesis, as a support for iron catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is a crucial aspect of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology used in the petrochemical industry to produce light olefins. The catalyst's activity was assessed under specific conditions, including a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 2700 h-1, a hydrogen to carbon monoxide (H2/CO) feed ratio of 2:1, temperatures ranging from 310 to 330 ℃, and pressures ranging from 5 to 9 bar. The feasibility study indicated that MIL-53(Al) has the potential to be a suitable support for iron catalysts in FTS, resulting in the production of light olefins (24%) at high temperatures and low pressure

The changing profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in a central province of Iran

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran is usually caused by Leishmania major or L. tropica. However, the direct examination or the cultures of biopsies for diagnosis are not very sensitive. The objective of this study was to identify the responsible species obtained from patients suspected of cutaneous leishmaniasis referred to the reference laboratory at Yazd in Iran during 2010-2011 using parasitological and molecular assays. After completing a clinical/epidemiologic data questionnaire for 145 patients with suspected skin lesions, scraping samples were collected. Each specimen was examined using both direct microscopy and molecular assay using polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Location of the lesions included 47.7% on hands, 30.7% on face, 15.4% on feet, and the remainder on other regions. Out of 145 samples, Leishman body was observed in 52 by direct smear and 73 by PCR assay. Molecular assay indicated 36 cases as L. major, 36 cases as L. tropica and one case as unknown.  In conclusion, molecular characterization showed changing profile of Leishmania species in the study area which may have implications on treatment and/or control strategies

Operational Strategies for Establishing Disaster-Resilient Schools: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Resilient schools can warranty students’ health and survival at disasters. It is obligatory that schools be prepared for natural challenges through local programs. Considering the great population of students, disaster-resilient schools can be a safe and suitable environment for students at the time of disaster. Objective: This study aims to identify certain operational strategies for establishing schools resilient to natural disasters. Method: This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis. Using purposive sampling method, 24 experts in the fields of health in disasters, construction engineering, psychology, teaching, and administrative management participated in the study. Maximum variation sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. The data collected via unstructured interviews were analyzed with Graneheim and Lundmen’s conventional content analysis. Results: Content analysis resulted in four main categories as operational strategies for establishing disaster-resilient schools including: 1) “construction and non-construction optimization”, with four subcategories of construct risk management, optimization of construct architecture and physical structure, correct construct localization, and promotion of non-construct safety, 2) “promotion of organizational coordination and interactions” with two subcategories, namely improvement  in intra-organizational communication and improvement  in extra-organizational communication, 3) “improvement  in education” with three subcategories of holding educational courses for families and students, holding educational courses for managers and personnel, and holding simulated exercises, and 4) “process promotion” with four subcategories of increased preparedness, correct planning, creation of organizational structure, and rehabilitation facilitation. Conclusion: Various factors affecting schools’ response to disasters form operational strategies to establish disaster-resilient schools. These strategies influence pre- and post-disaster preparedness. Awareness of these components followed by preparedness prior to disasters can save students’ lives, improve school performance after disasters, and aid in establishing disaster-resilient schools as safe lodgings

Operational Strategies for Establishing Disaster-Resilient Schools: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Resilient schools can warranty students’ health and survival at disasters. It is obligatory that schools be prepared for natural challenges through local programs. Considering the great population of students, disaster-resilient schools can be a safe and suitable environment for students at the time of disaster. Objective: This study aims to identify certain operational strategies for establishing schools resilient to natural disasters. Method: This qualitative study was based on conventional content analysis. Using purposive sampling method, 24 experts in the fields of health in disasters, construction engineering, psychology, teaching, and administrative management participated in the study. Maximum variation sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. The data collected via unstructured interviews were analyzed with Graneheim and Lundmen’s conventional content analysis. Results: Content analysis resulted in four main categories as operational strategies for establishing disaster-resilient schools including: 1) “construction and non-construction optimization”, with four subcategories of construct risk management, optimization of construct architecture and physical structure, correct construct localization, and promotion of non-construct safety, 2) “promotion of organizational coordination and interactions” with two subcategories, namely improvement  in intra-organizational communication and improvement  in extra-organizational communication, 3) “improvement  in education” with three subcategories of holding educational courses for families and students, holding educational courses for managers and personnel, and holding simulated exercises, and 4) “process promotion” with four subcategories of increased preparedness, correct planning, creation of organizational structure, and rehabilitation facilitation. Conclusion: Various factors affecting schools’ response to disasters form operational strategies to establish disaster-resilient schools. These strategies influence pre- and post-disaster preparedness. Awareness of these components followed by preparedness prior to disasters can save students’ lives, improve school performance after disasters, and aid in establishing disaster-resilient schools as safe lodgings

Propane-1,2-diaminium bis­(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 O 2,N,O 6)cuprate(II) tetra­hydrate

In the title compound, (C3H12N2)[Cu(C7H3NO4)2]·4H2O, the CuII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry by two tridentate pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ate (pydc) ligands. In the crystal, inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as π–π stacking inter­actions between the pyridine rings of the pydc ligands [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4714 (14) Å] are present. C=O⋯π inter­actions between the carbonyl groups and pyridine rings [O⋯centroid distances = 3.150 (2) and 3.2233 (19) Å] are also observed

Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Acetone Gas Sensors: A Review.

Acetone is a well-known volatile organic compound that is widely used in different industrial and domestic areas. However, it can have dangerous effects on human life and health. Thus, the realization of sensitive and selective sensors for recognition of acetone is highly important. Among different gas sensors, resistive gas sensors based on nanostructured metal oxide with high surface area, have been widely reported for successful detection of acetone gas, owing to their high sensitivity, fast dynamics, high stability, and low price. Herein, we discuss different aspects of metal oxide-based acetone gas sensors in pristine, composite, doped, and noble metal functionalized forms. Gas sensing mechanisms are also discussed. This review is an informative document for those who are working in the field of gas sensors

Bis(2,3-diamino­pyridinium) bis­(μ-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato)-κ4 O 2,N,O 6:O 6;κ4 O 2:O 2,N,O 6-bis­[aqua­(pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ato-κ3 O 2,N,O 6)bis­muthate(III)] tetra­hydrate

In the centrosymmetric dinuclear complex anion of the title compound, (C5H8N3)2[Bi2(C7H3NO4)4(H2O)2]·4H2O, the BiIII atom is eight-coordinated in an N2O6 environment and has a distorted bicapped trigonal–prismatic coordination environment. Extensive inter­molecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to the stability of the crystal structure. Inter­actions between one C—H group of the 2,3-diamino­pyridinium [(2,3-dapyH)+] cation and the aromatic ring of the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxyl­ate (pydc) ligand (C—H⋯centroid distance = 2.78 Å) and π–π inter­actions between the (2,3-dapyH)+ cations and between the (2,3-dapyH)+ cation and the pydc ligand [centroid–centroid distances = 3.489 (5) and 3.694 (5) Å] are observed